The objectives of this study were to conduct a scoping literature review to: (1) summarize existing published evidence for the impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence, severity, treatment, and management of ED and (2) identify health-related trends in the emerging literature and identify gaps in the existing research literature and make recommendations for future research needs in the area. 5 However, to our knowledge, the evidence for the association between COVID-19 and ED has not been collectively gathered, integrated, and appraised. Considering the high transmissibility of COVID-19, ED could be a concerning consequence for a large segment of the population. COVID-19 infection is expected to be associated with an increased likelihood of erectile dysfunction (ED). One of the repercussions of COVID-19 is its impact on men's sexual health. 1 Even men who have never contracted COVID-19 have had their lives severely affected by the pandemic both physically and emotionally as it has caused widespread disruption to normal existence, men's social world, preventative health and healthcare access, and the economy. 1 Low levels of serum testosterone observed in men, on the other hand, may predispose them to greater background systemic inflammation, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and immune system dysfunction from COVID-19 infection, hence potentially enhancing the long-term consequences of the virus. 1 It has been postulated that testosterone may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry in human cells and men may develop a blunted immune response against SARS-CoV-2, being exposed to less viral clearance and more viral shedding and systemic spread of the disease. 2, 3 Testosterone has been identified as a bivalent risk factor for poor prognosis (high/normal in younger lower in elderly) in COVID-19. 3, 4 Biological (sex) and socio-cultural (gender) factors, compounded by socio-economic factors and ethnicity, have had a marked impact on the aftermath of COVID-19. ![]() ![]() ![]() 1, 2, 3 Men have been shown to have an increased risk of both developing the severe form of COVID-19 and dying from it. The uniquely harmful impact of the virus on men's health is becoming more apparent and is more commonly being documented in the published medical literature. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the health and wellbeing of people across the world.
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